Glass-ceramics: Types, Technology and Application

Glass-earthenware production: Types, Technology and Application Part 1 1. Presentation 1.1 Glass-earthenware production Glass-earthenware production are fine-grained polycrystalline materials shaped when glasses of reasonable structures are heat rewarded and in this manner experience controlled crystallization to the lower vitality, crystalline state. It must be accentuated here that lone explicit glass organizations are appropriate antecedents for glass-earthenware production because of the way that a few glasses are excessively steady and hard to solidify while others bring about bothersome microstructures by taking shape too promptly in a wild way. Furthermore, it should likewise be complemented that all together for a reasonable item to be accomplished, the warmth treatment is basic for the procedure and a scope of nonexclusive warmth treatment techniques are utilized which are fastidiously evolved and adjusted for a particular glass creation. A glass-clay is framed by the warmth treatment of glass which brings about crystallization. Crystallization of glasses is ascribed to thermodynamic drives for lessening the Gibbs free vitality, and the Amorphous Phase Separation (APS) which favors the crystallization procedure by shaping a nucleated stage simpler than it would in the first glass. At the point when a glass is dissolved, the fluid framed from the softening may precipitously isolate into two extremely thick fluids or stages. By cooling the soften to a temperature underneath the glass change area it will bring about the glass being stage isolated and this is called fluid immiscibility. This happens when both the stages are fluid. Thus a glass can basically be considered as a fluid which experiences a demixing procedure when it cools. The immiscibility is either steady or metastable relying upon whether the stage seperation happens above or beneath the liquidus temperature separately. The metastable immiscibility is subst antially more inmportant and has two procedures which at that point cause stage seperation and subsequently crystallization; nucleation and precious stone development and spinodal deterioration. The first APS process has two recognized stages; Nucleation (whereby the precious stones will develop to a distinguishable size on the core) and Crystal development. Nucleation can either be homogeneous; where the precious stones structure precipitously inside the soften or heterogeneous; gems structure at a prior surface, for example, that because of a pollution, cauldron divider and so on. Numerous a period the parent glass structure is explicitly picked to contain species which improve inner nucleation which in most of cases is required. Such species additionally called nucleating operators can incorporate metallic specialists, for example, Ag, Pt and Pd or non-metallic specialists, for example, TiOÂ ­2, P2O5 and fluorides. The subsequent procedure is spinodal disintegration which includes a continuous change in creation of the two stages until they arrive at the immiscibility limit. As both the procedures for APS are unique, the glass framed will plainly bring about having diver se morphology to one another. A glass-earthenware is normally not completely crystalline; with the microstructure being 50-95 volume % crystalline with the rest of remaining glass. At the point when the glass experiences heat treatment, at least one crystalline stages may shape. Both the creations of the crystalline and lingering glass are distinctive to the parent glass. All together for glass-earthenware production having alluring properties to be created, it is critical to control the crystallization procedure with the goal that an even appropriation of precious stones can be framed. This is finished by controlling the nucleation and precious stone development rate. The nucleation rate and precious stone development rate is an element of temperature and are precisely estimated tentatively (Stookey 1959; McMillan 1979, Holand Beall 2002) The point of the crystallization procedure is to change over the glass into glass-artistic which have properties better than the parent glass. The glass-artistic shaped relies upon proficient inner nucleation from controlled crystallization which permits the advancement of fine, haphazardly arranged grains without voids, microcracks, or other porosity. This outcomes in the glass-clay being a lot more grounded, harder and more artificially stable than the parent glass. Glass-pottery are described as far as organization and microstructure as their properties rely upon both of these. The capacity of a glass to be framed just as its level of functionality relies upon the mass structure which likewise decides the gathering of crystalline stages which sequentially administer the general physical and synthetic attributes, for example hardness, thickness, corrosive obstruction, and so forth. As referenced before, nucleating specialists are utilized all together for interior nucleation to happen with the goal that the glass-artistic delivered has attractive properties. Microstructure is the way to generally mechanical and optical properties; it can advance or lessen the job of the key gems in the glass-artistic. The alluring properties acquired from glass-earthenware production are pivotal with the goal for them to have applications in the field of biomaterials. Glass-earthenware production are utilized as biomaterials in two distinct fields: First, they are utilized as profoundly solid materials in therapeutic dentistry and second, they are applied as bioactive materials for the substitution of hard tissue. Dental remedial materials will be materials which reestablish the characteristic tooth structure (both fit as a fiddle and capacity), display solidness in the oral condition, show high quality and are wear obstruction. All together for dental remedial materials to reestablish the characteristic tooth structure, it is significant to keep up the imperativeness of the tooth. . Anyway non-crucial teeth may likewise be treated with remedial materials to recreate or save the stylish and practical properties of the tooth. All together for glass-earthenware production to be utilized for dental applications, they should have high concoction solidness, mechanical quality and sturdiness and should display properties which copy the regular tooth microstructure with the end goal for it to be effective as a stylish. Glass-earthenware production permit every one of these properties to be joined inside one material. As referenced already, for a glass-earthenware to have the ideal properties, the glass is changed over into a glass-artistic by means of controlled crystallization to accomplish the precious stone stage needed and subsequently the ideal properties it might have. Henceforth, the glass-clay created permits it to have properties, for example, low porosity, expanded quality, sturdiness, strength and so forth which are urgent in the field of dental rebuilding efforts as it forestalls therapeutic disappointments which are for the most part because of stress and porosity which causes breaks and subsequent ly disappointments. It took numerous long stretches of exploration so as to get a material sufficiently able to be at first utilized as a dental reconstructive material. Anyway in the course of the last 10-15 years, research has advanced tremendously and now glass-earthenware production show great quality, high toughness and great feel. The turn of events and handling of glass-earthenware production has been centered around specific clinical applications, for example, dental trims, crowns, facade, scaffolds and dental posts with projections. Glass-pottery are separated into seven kinds of materials: Mica glass-pottery Mica apatite glass-pottery Leucite glass-pottery Leucite apatite glass-pottery Lithium Disilicate glass-pottery Apatite containing glass-pottery ZrO2-containing glass-pottery The primary monetarily usable glass fired items for therapeutic dentistry were composites of mica glass earthenware production. Dicorâ ® and Dicorâ ® MGC were items dependent on these. As indicated by the instrument of controlled volume crystallization of glasses, tetrasilicic micas, Mg2.5Si4O10F2, demonstrating precious stone sizes of 1 to 2 ÃŽ ¼m in the glass clay were created. Dicorâ ® being among them was formed by methods for diffusive throwing techniques to create dental rebuilding efforts, for example, dental crowns and trims. Contingent upon the diverse precious stone sizes and the relating microstructure of the glass earthenware, it was likewise conceivable to make glass pottery for machining applications. [53], Dicorâ ® MGC being among them. This brought about the quality of good machinability in this kind of glass-earthenware to be misused and results inferred that gems upto just 2 ÃŽ ¼m long in the material improved mechanical quality over different materials. Mica-apatite glass-earthenware production have been created in the SiO2-Al2O3-Na2O-K2O-MgO-CaO-P2O5-F framework. The primary precious stone stages are phlogopite, (K,Na)Mg3(AlSi3O10)F2Â and fluorapatite, Ca5(PO4)3F. The base glass comprises of three glass stages: a huge bead molded phosphate-rich stage, a little drop formed silicate and a silicate glass grid. Mica is framed during heat treatment, as in without apatite glass-earthenware production, by in-situ crystallization by means of the component of volume crystallization. Apatite is shaped inside the phosphate-rich bead stage. Incredibly, each and every apatite precious stone has its own nucleation site as a solitary phosphate drop. The glass-artistic is biocompatible and reasonable for applications in head and neck medical procedure just as in the field of orthopedics. Leucite glass-pottery can be framed by applying the upside of the thick stream instrument. IPS Empressâ ® is of this sort of glass-fired. The material is handled by utilizing the lost wax method, whereby a wax example of the dental rebuilding, for example, a trim, onlay, facade or crown is delivered and afterward put in a hard amazing. At that point the wax is worn out to make space to be filled by the glass-earthenware. As the glass-artistic has a specific volume of glass stage, the rule of thick stream can be applied and consequently the material can be squeezed into a form. Surface crystallization and surface nucleation systems were controlled all together for this sort of glass-artistic to be shaped. [42, 54] Consequently, the assembling of trims and crowns created because of the utilization of thick stream component of glass-earthenware production in various shapes

Carbon Family - Element Group 14

Carbon Family - Element Group 14 One approach to characterize components is by family. A family comprises of homologous component with iotas having a similar number of valence electrons and in this manner comparable substance properties. Instances of component families are the nitrogen family, oxygen family, and carbon family. Key Takeaways: Carbon Family of Elements The carbon family comprises of the components carbon (C), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), tin (Sn), lead (Pb), and flerovium (Fl).Atoms of components in this gathering have four valence electrons.The carbon family is otherwise called the carbon gathering, bunch 14, or the tetrels.Elements in this family are of key significance for semiconductor innovation. What Is the Carbon Family? The carbon family is component bunch 14 of the occasional table. The carbon family comprises of five components: carbon, silicon, germanium, tin,â and lead. Almost certainly, component 114, flerovium, will likewise act in certain regards as an individual from the family. As it were, the gathering comprises of carbon and the components legitimately beneath it on the intermittent table. The carbon family is found practically in the center of the intermittent table, with nonmetals on its right side and metals to one side. The carbon family is likewise called the carbon gathering, bunch 14, or gathering IV. At once, this family was known as the tetrels or tetragens in light of the fact that the components had a place with bunch IV or as a kind of perspective to the four valence electrons of iotas of these components. The family is likewise called the crystallogens. Carbon Family Properties Here are a few realities about the carbon family: Carbon family components contain particles that have 4 electrons in their external vitality level. Two of these electrons are in the s subshell, while 2 are in the p subshell. Just carbon has the s2 external design, which represents a portion of the contrasts among carbon and different components in the family.As you descend the occasional table in the carbon family, the nuclear span and ionic range increment while electronegativity andâ ionization vitality decrease. Atom size increments descending the gathering in light of the fact that an extra electron shell is added.Element thickness increments descending the group.The carbon family comprises of one nonmetal (carbon), two metalloids (silicon and germanium), and two metals (tin and lead). As it were, the components gain metallicity descending the group.These components are found in a wide assortment of mixes. Carbon is the main component in the gathering that can be discovered unadulterated in nature.The carbon family component s have generally factor physical and synthetic properties.Overall, the carbon family components are steady and will in general be genuinely inert. The components will in general structure covalent mixes, however tin and lead likewise structure ionic compounds.Except for lead, the entirety of the carbon family components exist as various structures or allotropes. Carbon, for instance, happens in precious stone, graphite, fullerene, and formless carbon allotropes. Tin happens as white tin, dim tin, and rhombic tin. Lead is just found as a thick blue-dim metal.Group 14 (carbon family) components have a lot higher dissolving focuses and breaking points than the gathering 13 components. Dissolving and breaking points in the carbon family will in general diminishing descending the gathering, fundamentally on the grounds that nuclear powers inside the bigger atoms are not as solid. Lead, for instance, has such a low softening point, that its effortlessly melted by a fire. This makes it helpful as a base for patch. Employments of Carbon Family Elements and Compounds The carbon family components are significant in day by day life and in industry. Carbon is the reason for natural life. Its allotrope graphite is utilized in pencils and rockets. Living beings, proteins, plastics, food, and natural structure materials all contain carbon. Silicones, which are silicon mixes, are utilized to make ointments and for vacuum siphons. Silicon is utilized as its oxide to make glass. Germanium and silicon are significant semiconductors. Tin and lead are utilized in combinations and to make shades. Carbon Family - Group 14 - Element Facts C Si Ge Sn Pb liquefying point ( °C) 3500 (precious stone) 1410 937.4 231.88 327.502 breaking point ( °C) 4827 2355 2830 2260 1740 thickness (g/cm3) 3.51 (precious stone) 2.33 5.323 7.28 11.343 ionization vitality (kJ/mol) 1086 787 762 709 716 nuclear range (pm) 77 118 122 140 175 ionic range (pm) 260 (C4-) 118 (Sn2+) 119 (Pb2+) regular oxidation number +3, - 4 +4 +2, +4 +2, +4 +2, +3 hardness (Mohs) 10 (precious stone) 6.5 6.0 1.5 1.5 precious stone structure cubic (precious stone) cubic cubic tetragonal fcc Source Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Present day Chemistry (South Carolina). Harcourt Education, 2009.

Conservatism-Liberalism-Socialism Essays - Political Ideologies

Conservatism-Liberalism-Socialism Essays - Political Ideologies Conservatism-Liberalism-Socialism Conservatism, progressivism and communism can be called philosophies, as they comprise extensive allowance of faith based expectations and perspectives about social and monetary foundations and procedures (Lawson, 44). These three philosophies, which have been created since forever, share the two likenesses and contrasts. Conservatism, in contrast to progressivism, for the most part contradicts radical changes in social and financial space. As the word implied, the amassed information on the past and its application to political and monetary capacities is smarter to be saved. Practically all agents of the hypothesis of conservatism put incredible accentuation on the astuteness of ages, which normally prompted the development of conventional qualities and customs. Any social examination by government was seen as a danger for the convention of the country which was the fundamental factor adding to the protection of social soundness and, thus, of national turn of events. Change was to be acknowledged just on the off chance that it happened at a progressive and steady pace. The perspective on human instinct as indicated by conservatism isn't populist, as in certain individuals, set in the public eye, are more able than others to add to its turn of events and they are the ones to be put in places of power. People must guide their conduct as per conventional good guidelines, set by useful establishments, for example, Church. For instance, the expanding political intensity of the Catholic Church, just as of different strict gatherings in the U.S., recommends a region where institutional bases for customary conservatism might be advancing (freebee, 11). Conservatism brings out solid sentiments of energy, since help for the built up organizations are enormously advanced and every individual serves his/her nation with consistency and dependability. This nationalism prompts an expanded trust to in the military powers in instances of outside danger, instead of in tact. The liberal, presently, perspective on human instinct is exceptionally libertarian and can be emphatically appeared differently in relation to that of the moderate, since it recommends a raised point of view of people and lessens the significance of the social unit. Human rights and freedoms comprise a political need. Political frameworks must add to singular satisfaction and their job must be confined. In a liberal society, the individual is a discerning being and, as per traditional business analysts, soundness is communicated in a materialistic way. That is the normal assignment of vitality with an end goal to augment benefit. This is the financial man in a liberal society. The political man is the person who settles on basic decisions while taking part in equitable techniques. Radicalism has ordinarily been related to popular government and the perfect government ought to be pluralistic and not paternalistic. The fundamental guideline of radicalism is singular opportunity, which must be extended and served in all degrees of life, political and monetary. Another philosophy that denoted the chronicled stream of thought is communism. Communism is a profoundly libertarian belief system, which, in contrast to progressivism, weights on people characteristic friendliness that involves incredible reduction of collaboration among individuals and not forceful rivalry. Tragically, communists guarantee that human abuse by different people has its foundations to set up structures of control and this is likewise the explanation behind the presence of destitution. In this way, communism, interestingly with conservatism, is basic to the current structures and organizations and advances change. The favored mean of compelling change is upset. In a communist system, the job of the administration is to guarantee reasonable circulation of riches and to render the methods for creation mutual, by methods for augmenting the open area. On the off chance that the land and the production lines are possessed by the state, and the laborers control the state, ev eryone will have similar chances and monetary quality, communisms most significant worth will be accomplished. Destitution will be terminated along these lines and the case of numerous communists, that their belief system developed out of save for taking care of neediness issues, will be checked. In spite of the fact that, the distinctions to be found among these three belief systems are various, there are a few similitudes among progressivism and conservatism, which through the methodology of the philosophy of laissez-reasonable conservatism, or, in all likelihood old style radicalism, joined their powers to confront the peril of communism socialism.

12 Writers Discuss the Writing Process

12 Writers Discuss the Writing Process For very nearly 10 years, the Writers on Writing section in The New York Times gave proficient scholars a chance to discuss their art. Two assortments of these sections have been distributed: Journalists on Writing: Collected Essays from The New York (Times Books, 2001)Writers on Writing, Volume II: More Collected Essays from The New York (Times Books, 2004). Albeit the majority of the givers have been authors, the experiences they offer into the way toward composing ought to bear some significance with all scholars. Here are selections from 12 of the writers who have contributed pieces to Writers on Writing. Geraldine BrooksWrite what you know. Each guide for the hopeful creator exhorts this. Since I live in a since a long time ago settled country place, I know certain things. I know the vibe of an infant sheep clammy, tight-twisted downy and the sharp solid a well-pail chain makes as it scratches on stone. Be that as it may, more than these material things, I know the sentiments that twist in little networks. Furthermore, I know different sorts of enthusiastic certainties that I accept apply over the hundreds of years. (July 2001) Richard Ford Beware of scholars who disclose to you how hard they work. (Be careful with anyone who attempts to disclose to you that.) Writing is without a doubt regularly dim and forlorn, yet nobody truly needs to do it. Truly, composing can be muddled, debilitating, detaching, abstracting, exhausting, dulling, quickly invigorating; it very well may be made to be tiring and crippling. What's more, every so often it can create rewards. Be that as it may, its never as hard as, state, guiding a L-1011 into OHare on a cold night in January, or doing mind medical procedure when you need to remain standing for 10 hours in a row, and once you start you cant simply stop. On the off chance that youre an essayist, you can stop anyplace, whenever, and nobody will mind or ever know. Additionally, the outcomes may be better in the event that you do. (November 1999) Allegra Goodman Carpe diem. Know your scholarly convention, relish it, take from it, however when you plunk down to compose, disregard venerating significance and fetishizing magnum opuses. In the event that your inward pundit keeps on plagueing you with harmful examinations, shout, Ancestor revere! what's more, leave the structure. (Walk 2001) Mary GordonIts an awful business, this composition. No imprints on paper can ever match the words music in the psyche, to the virtue of the picture before its trap by language. The vast majority of us wakeful rewording words from the Book of Common Prayer, astonished by what we have done, what we have left fixed, persuaded that there is no wellbeing in us. We achieve what we do, making a progression of tricks to detonate the awfulness. Mine include note pads and pens. I compose by hand. (July 1999) Kent HarufAfter completing the principal draft, I work for whatever length of time that it takes (for half a month, regularly) to improve that first draft on a PC. Normally that includes development: filling in and adding to, yet doing whatever it takes not to lose the unconstrained, direct solid. I utilize that first draft as a touchstone to ensure everything else in that segment has a similar sound, a similar tone and impression of suddenness. (November 2000) Alice HoffmanI wrote to discover excellence and reason, to realize that adoration is conceivable and enduring and genuine, to see day lilies and pools, unwaveringness and commitment, despite the fact that my eyes were shut and all that encompassed me was an obscured room. I composed in light of the fact that that was who I was at the center, and in the event that I was too harmed to even consider walking around the square, I was fortunate no different. When I got to my work area, when I began composing, I despite everything thought anything was conceivable. (August 2000) Elmore LeonardNever utilize a modifier to adjust the action word said ... he reprimanded gravely. To utilize an intensifier along these lines (or practically any way) is a human sin. The author is currently uncovering himself decisively, utilizing a word that occupies and can intrude on the mood of the trade. (July 2001) Walter Mosley If you need to be an essayist, you need to compose each day. The consistency, the dullness, the sureness, all notions and interests are secured by this every day reoccurrence. You dont go to a well once however every day. You dont skirt a childs breakfast or neglect to get up in the first part of the day. Rest comes to you every day, thus does the dream. (July 2000) William Saroyan How do you compose? You compose, man, you compose, that is the manner by which, and you do it the manner in which the early English pecan tree advances leaf and organic product consistently by the thousands. ... In the event that you practice a workmanship dependably, it will make you savvy, and most authors can utilize a touch of wising up. (1981) Paul West Of course the author can't generally ignite with a hard gemlike fire or a white warmth, yet it should be conceivable to be a plump boiling water bottle, rendering greatest mindfulness in the most ambitious sentences. (October 1999) Donald E. WestlakeIn the most fundamental way, journalists are characterized not by the tales they tell, or their governmental issues, or their sexual orientation, or their race, yet by the words they use. Composing starts with language, and it is in that underlying picking, as one filters through the wayward richness of our superb crossbreed English, that decision of jargon and sentence structure and tone, the choice on the palette, that decides whos sitting at that work area. Language makes the authors disposition toward the specific story hes chose to tell. (January 2001) Elie WieselAcutely mindful of the destitution of my methods, language turned into an impediment. At each page, I thought, Thats not it. So I started again with different action words and different pictures. No, that wasnt it either. In any case, what precisely was that it I was looking for? It probably been all that escapes us, holed up behind a cloak so as not to be taken, usurped and trivialized. Words appeared to be feeble and pale. (June 2000)

Commercial Work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Business Work - Essay Example As contracting can be believed to happen not just concerning portion or the arrangement of merchandise and ventures. Redesign or salary upkeep projects may be chosen 'contracts' between lawmakers from one viewpoint and the people then again. One could make an eccentricity between obvious agreements and representative agreements here, as discussing a few things as 'contracts' is basically utilizing an analogy. Agreements as fiction are distinctively uncertain, all things considered a long way from clear that the contracting parties are, the point at which the agreement was in reality made and how it is being watched or checked. Anecdotal agreements can't be executed by an outsider. Order of obtainment is so differing from the universe of the models, and their subsequent ramifications, utilized by financial experts in learning acquirement getting that two ends appear to be worthy. The first is that there is considerable open door for ideal agreement hypothesis to add to better productivity in protection obtainment. The second is that the authenticities of protection obtainment have huge ramifications for how financial experts must investigation contracting motivators and fitness in resistance acquisition. Acquirement contains a wide assortment of products running from standard things, for example, regalia and ammo to significant weapons frameworks whose procurement may take ten to fifteen years to finish. Acquisition of standard things is submissive to serious offering and fixed-value contracts, yet rivalry and fixed-value contracts are less, and arranged agreements progressively, legitimate for significant weapons frameworks that are composite, include yet-to-be-created innovations, and have execution destinations that may be out of reach or inconceivable at sensible expense. Especially on account of frameworks that involve innovative work, the capacity to envision future mechanical improvements is restricted, and regardless of whether the conceivable outcomes can be remembered, it might be illogical to offer legally binding possibilities for every single potential occasion. Understanding acquirement process The complexities of significant weapons frameworks securing are duplicated in the acquirement procedure which includes a progression of stages starting with protection readiness arranging, program beginning, introductory innovative work, source choice, framework improvement, creation, and follow-ons (e.g., saves). The creation and follow-on stages are the most passive to monetary demonstrating and examination, however various of the determinants of program cost and weapons framework execution have just been generally chosen when a creation contract is arranged. The subject of monetary examination consequently should be on the bigger obtainment proces

The Psychology of Forgetting and Why Memory Fails

The Psychology of Forgetting and Why Memory Fails Theories Cognitive Psychology Print The Psychology of Forgetting and Why Memory Fails By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on January 08, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 07, 2020 zeljkosantrac / Getty Images More in Theories Cognitive Psychology Behavioral Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology Forgetting is an all too common part of daily life. Sometimes these memory slips are simple and fairly innocuous, such as forgetting to return a phone call. Other times, forgetting can be much more dire and even have serious consequences, such as an eyewitness forgetting important details about a crime. Why do we forget? From forgetting where you left your keys to forgetting to return a phone call, memory failures are an almost daily occurrence. Forgetting is so common that you probably rely on numerous methods to help you remember important information such as jotting down notes in a daily planner or scheduling important events on your phones calendar. As you are frantically searching for your missing car keys, it may seem that the information about where you left them is permanently gone from your memory. However, forgetting is generally not about actually losing or erasing this information from your long-term memory.?? Forgetting typically involves a failure in memory retrieval. While the information is somewhere in your long-term memory, you are not able to actually retrieve and remember it. Why Time Plays Such a Key Role in Forgetting Psychologist Hermann Ebbinghaus was one of the first to scientifically study forgetting. In experiments where he used himself as the subject, Ebbinghaus tested his memory using three-letter nonsense syllables. He relied on such nonsense words because using previously known words would have involved drawing on his existing knowledge and associations in his memory.?? In order to test for new information, Ebbinghaus tested his memory for periods of time ranging from 20 minutes to 31 days. He then published his findings in 1885 in Memory: A Contribution to Experimental Psychology. His results, plotted in what is known as the Ebbinghaus forgetting curve, revealed a relationship between forgetting and time. Initially, information is often lost very quickly after it is learned. Factors such as how the information was learned and how frequently it was rehearsed play a role in how quickly these memories are lost. The forgetting curve also showed that forgetting does not continue to decline until all of the information is lost.?? At a certain point, the amount of forgetting levels off. What exactly does this mean? Information stored in long-term memory is surprisingly stable. How to Measure Forgetting Sometimes it might seem that information has been forgotten, but even a subtle cue can help trigger the memory. Imagine the last time you took an exam for school. While you might have initially felt forgetful and unprepared, seeing the information presented on the test probably helped cue the retrieval of information you might not have known you even remembered. So how do we know when something has been forgotten? There are a few different ways to measure this:?? Recall: People who have been asked to memorize something, such as a list of terms, might be asked to recall the list from memory. By seeing how many items are remembered, researchers are able to identify how much information has been forgotten. This method might involve the use of free recall (recalling items without hints) or prompted recall (utilizing hints to trigger memories).Recognition: This method involves identifying information that was previously learned. On a test, for example, students might have to recognize which terms they learned about in a chapter of their assigned reading. Theories About Why We Forget Of course, many factors can contribute to forgetting. Sometimes you might be distracted when you learn new information, which might mean that you never truly retain the information long enough to remember it later. Well-known memory researcher Elizabeth Loftus has proposed for key explanations for why forgetting occurs. The four major reasons for forgetting that she cites are: Retrieval failureInterferenceFailure to storeMotivated forgetting A few of the major theories of forgetting include: The Interference Theory What did you have for dinner Tuesday night of last week? Is that difficult to recall? If someone had asked you that question Wednesday morning you probably would have had no problem recalling what you had for dinner the night before. But as intervening days pass, the memories of all the other meals you have eaten since then start to interfere with your memory of that one particular meal. This is a good example of what psychologists call the interference theory of forgetting.?? According to interference theory, forgetting is the result of different memories interfering with one another. The more similar two or more events are to one another, the more likely interference will occur. It is difficult to remember what happened on an average school day two months ago because so many other days have occurred since then. Unique and distinctive events, however, are less likely to suffer from interference. Your 12th-grade prom, high school graduation, wedding, and the birth of your first child are much more likely to be recalled because they are singular eventsâ€"days like no other. Interference also plays a role in what is known as the serial position effect, or the tendency to recall the first and last items of a list.?? For example, imagine that you wrote down a shopping list but forgot to take it with you to the store. In all likelihood, you will probably be able to easily recall the first and last items on your list, but you might forget many of the items that were in the middle. The first thing you wrote down and the last thing you wrote down stand out as being more distinct, while the fourth item and seventh item might seem so similar that they interfere with each other. There are two basic types of interference that can occur:?? Retroactive interference happens when newly acquired information interferes with old memories. For example, a teacher learning the names of her new class of students at the start of a school year might find it more difficult to recall the names of the students in her class last year. The new information interferes with the old information.Proactive interference occurs when previously learned information makes it more difficult to form new memories. Learning a new phone number or locker combination might be more difficult, for example, because your memories of your old phone number and combination interfere with the new information. Eliminating interference altogether is impossible, but there are a few things you can do to minimize its effects. One of the best things you can do is rehearse new information in order to better commit it to memory. In fact, many experts recommend overlearning important information, which involves rehearsing the material over and over again until it can be reproduced perfectly with no errors.?? Another tactic to fight interference is to switch up your routine and avoid studying similar material back to back. For example, dont try to study vocabulary terms for your Spanish language class right after studying terms for your German class. Break up the material and switch to a completely different subject each study session. Sleep also plays an essential role in memory formation. Researchers suggest that  sleeping after you learn something new is one of the best ways to turn new memories into lasting ones.?? The Decay Theory of Forgetting According to the trace theory of memory, the formation of new memories results in physical and chemical changes in the brain that results in a memory trace. Information in short-term memory lasts several seconds and if it is not rehearsed, the neurochemical memory trace quickly fades.?? According to the trace decay theory of forgetting, the events that happen between the formation of a memory and the recall of the memory have no impact on recall.?? Trace theory proposes that the length of time between the memory and recalling that information determines whether the information will be retained or forgotten. If the time interval is short, more information will be recalled. If a longer period of time passes, more information will be forgotten and memory will be poorer. The idea that memories fade over time is hardly new. The Greek philosopher Plato suggested such a thing more than 2,500 years ago. Later, experimental research by psychologists such as Ebbinghaus bolstered this theory.?? One of the problems with this theory is that it is difficult to demonstrate that time alone is responsible for declines in the recall. In real-world situations, many things are bound to happen between the formation of a memory and the recall of that information. A student who learns something in class, for example, might have hundreds of unique and individual experiences between learning that information and having to recall it on an exam. Was forgetting the date that the American Revolutionary War began due to the length of time between learning the date in your American History class and being tested on it, or did the multitude of information acquired during that interval of time play a role? Testing this can be exceedingly difficult since it is nearly impossible to eliminate all the information that might have an influence on the creation of the memory and the recall of the memory. Another problem with decay theory is it does not account for why some memories fade so quickly while others linger. Novelty is one factor that plays a role in why some things are remembered while others are forgotten. For example, you are more likely to remember your very first day of college than all of the intervening days between it and graduation. That first day was new and exciting, but all the following days probably seem quite similar to each other. The Retrieval Failure Theory Sometimes the memories are there, we just cant seem to access them. Two of the basic reasons for this failure in memory retrieval are related to encoding failures and lack of retrieval cues. A common reason why we dont remember information is because it never made it into long-term memory in the first place. Try this well-known demonstration first used by researchers Nickerson and Adams.?? From memory, try to draw the back side of a penny. Once you are done, compare your drawing to an actual penny. Are you surprised by how poorly you recalled what the back of a penny looks like? While you probably had a good idea about the overall shape and color, the actual details were probably pretty fuzzy. Why? Since you dont actually need to know what the back of a penny looks like to differentiate it from other coins, you only really focus on the information you do needâ€"the overall size, shape, and color of the coin. You arent able to recall what the back of a penny really looks like because that information was never really encoded into memory in the first place. The Cue-Dependent Theory of Forgetting Other researchers have suggested that sometimes information is actually present in memory, but that it cannot be recalled unless retrieval cues are present.?? These cues are elements that were present at the time that the actual memory was encoded. For example, remembering the details of your first date with your spouse might be easier if you smell the same scent that your partner was wearing on that first date. The retrieval cue (the perfume) was present when that memory was created, so smelling it again can trigger the retrieval of those memories. Final Thoughts Numerous theories exist to explain how and why we forget. In many situations, several of these explanations might account for why we cannot remember. The passage of time can make memories more difficult to access (decay theory), while the abundance of information vying for our attention can create competition between old and new memories (interference theory). While forgetting is simply a part of life, there are a number of things that we can do to improve our memories and become better at recalling information. Next, take a closer look at some of the different things you can do now to improve your memory. 5 Ways Your Brain Plays Tricks on You

Current Online Business Models Essay - 2750 Words

Current Online Business Models Related with the Music Industry (Essay Sample) Content: CURRENT ONLINE BUSINESS MODELS RELATED WITH THE MUSIC INDUSTRYby Students nameCode+ course nameProfessors nameUniversity nameCity, StateDateCurrent Online Business Models Related with the Music Industry Revenues in the international music sector have shrunk from the beginning of 21st Century. Companies in this industry are shifting from retailing music in digital setups which allows the introduction to various business models. A clear link exists between revenue decline and digitalization in the music industry, with the most mutual clarification being the responsibility sharing of the file, usually called piracy. The piracy occurrences may be a kind of purchase replacement, where music customers replace illegal downloads for authorized purchase. Extensive accessibility of broadband online facilitates the rise of sharing of files. Since physical distance is basically irrelevant for online based file sharing, people from all over the globe can take part. To counteract u nlawful file sharing, certain republics have launched stronger law. Analysis indicates an association between stronger law safeguarding Intellectual Property Rights and increasing proceeds. Bearing in mind the emergence of the P2P networks and the emergence free music digital files, it appears sensible to suppose that these new technological tools satisfy customer demands that were unattained before. At its stature, Napster had about 75 million listed users downloading over 10, 000 songs for every second. The prizes of becoming an international distributor comprise the costs of a computer, electricity, and internet access (Fisher, 2014). Putting separately the cost, or no cost, difficulty, these ideas brought to the marketplace a new form of freedom. Customers can escape from physical CDs and from an absolute and extraordinary standard of playing system. Digital files are playable on different devices like wireless phone, PC, an MP3 player, or a PDA. In contrast, all the trials to s afeguard copyright result to limiting access, and current rights, for example, making copies of individual use (Bourreau, 2011). Unlicensed music download was projected to increase in 201, with 8.45 billion audio files and later, reduce because of the entrance in the marketplace of genuine music services online. Consistent with Europe media, to be prosperous, the models ought to meet the standard of portability on different devices, accessibility from the 5-majors and from the autonomous labels, burn it and copy it, ownership for the client who is able to mix it, selectiveness with exceptional services and content that distinguish from unlicensed downloads, and digital controlling enabling music share. The following are renowned new music models that might represent novel methods of earning capital along with digital distribution of digital music (Johnson, 2014). The Ransom Model The model is derived from what Stephen Kind performed with his final story. Individuals who were downl oading his story compensated him $1, generating a profit of greater than $400,000. He publicized that if he failed to get payment for a minimum of 75%, he would not finish the story. As stated by Ku (2014), by a similar way, musicians could entertain the people with free of charge samples but refuse to release a complete album, or withhold any innovative works, or reject to embark on trips until enough payment has been obtained (Bourreau, 2011). The tipping model With online sites like Snarfizilla and Espra, when consumers download music, they are offered the chance to tip the artist. As said by Ku (2014), if only 1% of clients tipped per download, it would result to $500,000 in income for every song (Fox, 2013). The Promotion Model During 2012, Smashing Pumpkins, the rock band, utilized Napster for distributing songs on the internet with no traditional promotion. T-shirt sales, ticket sales, and commercial promotions are responsibilities of an artist's fame. Online could be viewed as valued instrument for improving popularity by giving its music free of charge and thus increasing the earnings due to popularity. For instance, the artist Janis Jan provided free songs download at her personal site leading to a 300% increase in merchandise sales (Fisher, 2014).
Another type of promotional model is the one of PromOH3, which distributes tracks to a mailing listing of followers. Every e-mail is sent two times. This service is free to tastemakers and DJs, but it appears that it could change into membership-having-password mode (Fox, 2013). The Customer Data Model Files may be programmed to phone home each period they are used (Bourreau, 2011). The data can be used to the labels straightforward investments by artists to evaluate customer favorites. This is even more important if you reflect that 30% of US downloaders have seen their musical preferences widened by downloading and showed that their favorite genre of songs has evolved. DJintheMix.com likewise charges f or providing a response to labels. It is a feedback and promotion tool for DJ community and labels. Labels are charged range from $250-$600 for each track for getting a response in 48 hours rather than two months (Johnson, 2014). The Preferred Placement Model The lower than 1$ per track in total, Altnet provides a safe content together with a sponsorship-bound search engine device. Firms pay for favorite placement in P2P, like search results. They are betting on the reality that consumers will pay for very high-quality content even in case all music will still be obtainable for downloads like free MP3s. This model can be applied to a pre-radio advertising so as to create awareness. Music City managed by StreamCast Networks provides similarly encrypted files through the Gnutella network (Fox, 2013). It required concentration on self-determining artists enabling musicians to establish the content and get 70% of the proceeds. Taking into account this music business model, recording fir ms as traditional physical retailer and marketing machines, either internet retailer or brick-and-mortar, can be sidestepped (Delaney, 2012). It is illustrated in figure 4 below.
The Statutory Levy Model An option to keep a financial inducement for building could be the obligation of a statutory levy, for example, a tax on trades of a variety of services and goodies associated with the copying and distribution of digital creations that would be applied to finance production (Bourreau, 2011). Software and computer stores in America made over $24 billion in sales and TV, radio and electronic stores got $ 41.5 billion. If a 2% tax had been charged, it would have generated roughly $1.3 billion to be allocated to the artistes or $48,000 for each new release. This sum refers to the estimated earnings for the whole downloading market in marketing during 2012. Research on the bulk of the downloaded audio files varies. Dependable approximates demonstrates that P2P services include over 50 m illion customers. Imposing them at the charge of $2 monthly would lead to increased income of almost $2 billion in agreement with Music Week (Fisher, 2014). The Space/Time-Shifting Model MP3.com operates the My.MP3 prompt-listening service, wherein copyright material is provided as wanted stream. MP3.com duplicated numerous CDs to its website demanding every user first to confirm that he/she had already bought the wanted CD. Once proved, the client is permitted to obtain the version kept on MP3.com website from whichever online access point, by avoiding repeating the verification procedure (Johnson, 2014). In August 2011, a group of 50 music producers and Copyright.net filed a $25 million copyright violation case against MP3.com. On the other hand, MP3.com similarly maintained that it was a "justified use" assisting consumers listen to CDs they previously purchased at a diverse region. MP3.com claimed that its space shifting was titled to identical fair use defense since the time s hifting within the Sony case, for example, recording a TV program on a VCR for watching at a future date (Fox, 2013). The court disallowed this and this defense and commanded MP3 to compensate $25,000 per copied CD. MP3.com then settled with 4 of labels by assenting to payments amounting $110 million (Deyoung, 2013). Integrated Business Models Users were most focused on a payment service that likewise rolls discounts headed for performance tickets, merchandise, and events. Users are on the lookout for the most co-efficient experience on the internet. Increasingly companies are exploring the potential applications of a multimedia procuring environment, particularly the introduction of digital kiosks enabling clients to hear samples and downloaded digital songs for a payment. Liquidaudio.com tried to persuade retail stores establish downloaded shops. However, the uncertainty was that the kiosk and retailers cost more than $ 100, 000 each (Delaney, 2012). The Partnership Model In acco rdance with Bazalgette, Music Choice CEO, "music will probably must be bundled along with other subscription founded content, for instance, via the corporation with OD2, Times readers managed to download 8 of Peter Gabriel's songs prior to the formal release of the novel album." The reader was forced to use a PIN number incorporated within the newspaper and register through a website. Corporations can be created between Internet players. For instance, SpinArt staffers forwarded unexpected users who copied the tracks and offered them gift licenses to the e-tailer Insound.com (Deyoung, 2013). So as to create its brand on the internet, Music.com has introduced an offline magazine with producer Milor Entertainments. The magazine would retail at $5 for a locked content CD. This Disc space secured back to the...

Keeping The Cycle Is An Innovative Bicycle Company Essay

Keeping the Cycle is an innovative bicycle company that has been in business for the past 18 years. The first 10 years of business, business was great, profits were on a steady incline and customers were well satisfied. Keeping the Cycle settled into a comfort zone rather than implementing strategic planning to stay ahead of the game. The bicycle company customer database consists of a 430,000 consumers. Only 30,000 new customers were acquired over the past five years. New consumer acquisition has plateaued greatly and with it the company’s profits. With the same overhead to account for in the manufacturing process, it is pivotal that the company conducts a 360 to evaluate the potential problem areas for improvement. Recently it has been identified that there have been several negative reviews of the company reported through the Better Business Bureau. It is evident that Keeping the Cycle is facing a serious dilemma if action is not taken soon. 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Medical Marijuana Is A Drug Misunderstood By Many Nation Wide

Marijuana is a drug misunderstood by many nation wide however, most people do not consider it s legitimate medicinal application. Medical marijuana defined by Drugfacts refers to the use of the whole unprocessed plant to treat a disease or illness. The Drug Enforcement Administration has listed it under the schedule I classification which is the same classification that heroin, LSD, ecstasy and many other drugs are under. The classification identifies the drug as a dangerous substance that has no recognized medicinal use as reported by the DEA. It s classification as a highly regulated Schedule I drug makes it challenging to study its medical benefits. Due to this classification, marijuana is commonly regarded by the general public as possessing no currently accepted medical use and a high potential for abuse (DEA.gov). The DEA has yet to acknowledge many conducted scientific studies that point to the very tangible medical benefits of cannabinoids (Voth and Schwartz 1997). The block ade on marijuana research has caused a severe halt in reaping the benefits of THC. The drug is a better alternative than many drugs given to patients as seen in some cases of neurological disorders such as epilepsy and chronic terminal conditions like cancer, because of its analgesic, sedative, and anticonvulsant properties (Abood, Sorensen, and Stella 2012). Marijuana can serve as both a viable treatment option and improves the quality of life through its pain relieving capacities. WhileShow MoreRelatedShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1524 Words   |  7 Pages18th April 2016 Marijuana and Hemp Legalization in the United States What is one law that could be altered to greatly benefit the United States as well as the people who live inside it? The legalization of marijuana, the legalization of marijuana in a single state,Colorado, has provided great increases in tax revenue and decreased the number of arrests for minor drug charges gradually yet substantially in the past years. Marijuana is not a harmful drug yet is illegal while many legal substancesRead MoreEssay on Legalization Of Weed2582 Words   |  11 Pages Illegal drug use is a major problem in the world today. Million of dollars are spent ever year to prevent the trafficking and distribution of these drugs. Virtually all Drugs is smuggled into the United States concealed in false compartments, fuel tanks, seats, tires of private and commercial vehicles, pickup trucks, vans, mobile homes, and horse trailers. Large shipments usually are smuggled in tractor-trailer trucks in false compartments and among legitimate bulk shipments, such as agriculturalRead MoreEssay on Methamphetamine as a Sleepless Dream or Addictive Nightmare4504 Words   |  19 PagesMethamphetamine as a Sleepless Dream or Addictive Nightmare Methamphetamine has reclaimed a place in the lexicon of party drugs. Hailed by nocturnal adventurers, condemned by raver idealists, is speed a sleepless dream or an addictive nightmare? Here at the end of the millennium, the pace of modern life seems fleeting -- a whirl of minutes, hours and days. In dealing with the changes, humans have equipped themselves with the tools to move faster, more efficiently. At the same timeRead MoreHemp Cultivation in China42289 Words   |  170 Pagesalso described. Dedicated to the advancement of Cannabis, through the dissemination of information December 1995 Journal of the International Hemp Association Vol. 2 No. 2 Introduction Hemp is cultivated for its strong bast fiber throughout many of the numerous fertile inland valleys of Shandong Province, Peoples Republic of China. Hemp cultivation in China dates back more than 5,000 years and according to local legend, the peasant farmers of Shandong Province have grown hemp for more thanRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesContents Top Management Commitment 43 Effective Upward Communication 43 Determining What to Communicate 44 Allowing for Feedback 44 Information Sources 44 The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 62 The Civil Rights Act of 1991 63 The Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 63 Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act of 1994 64 Relevant Executive Orders 64 vii WORKPLACE ISSUES: HRM Certification 44 Is a Career in HRM for Me? 45 ETHICAL ISSUES IN HRM: Purposely Distorting InformationRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 PagesManagement, written by colleagues Robert D. Stueart and John T. Eastlick, was conceived as a basic text for library and information science curriculum, primarily in North America, because the authors were both faculty members in schools on that continent. Many students in programs for which the textbook was intended had work experience in libraries or other types of information centers before entering graduate school, but they had little understanding of the theories and philosophies that impact the environments

Geography Of The Indus River - 1660 Words

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The Role of Financial Managerial Accounting Function Free Essays

Accounting is a major part of an organization or business, it help to provided information needed to manage and make economic decision in order to move the company or organization forward. Financial and managerial accounting work together with emphasis on the future of the company, but have different proposes that helps to enhance the organization both ways as in internal and external. The main purpose of financial accounting is to provide an external performance of the company or organization accomplishment to their stockholder, lenders, financial analysts, and creditors, tax authorities by prepare financial statement. We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Financial Managerial Accounting Function or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, it also reports past and present transactions on the balance sheet and the company’s income and cash flow statement. Managerial accounting is use to focus on providing information within the company or organization, of which includes planning and making decision for the company, it’s a manager’s job, he/she must have proficiency in the managerial accounting because it is the foundation of the company’s future, and the manager’s aim is to control the company’s operation by improving the way internal reports and external financial statement will be used in decision making within the company. In addition, Managerial accounting deal with topics such as cost behavior, profit planning, operational budgeting are all financial decision to be made to produce the external financial statements and its the managers of the managerial accounting department responsibility to have them done. To compare the two accounting system I would have to say they have similar function, they both produce reports one for external and one for internal that is use for making decision for the company. The managerial accounting deal with confidential financial reports that is used by the CEO’s within the organization or company, these reports are consist of sales forecasting, the company’s budgets analysis and comparative analysis and any type of merge or consolidation reports the company did in a day, weeks or months. In addition, these reports is generated on a timely basic such as weekly or monthly it is more flexible than financial reports, and it does not focus on general accepted accounting principles (GAAP). Moreover it is use by the CEO to fore see the future of where the company is going. The financial accounting is more concern with the external aspect of the company, so when generating the reports for their stockholders, lenders, financial analysts, and others outside of the company they apply the general accepted accounting principles (GAAP). In addition financial account reports or focus on the past in a more historical factor of the four financial statement of which include a balance sheet, income statement, owners’ equity statement and cash flows statement, the report are generated for a set period of time such as a fiscal year to give the company a history for the hold years. In conclusion financial and managerial accounting can be said that they play a very important part in business making decision, if the rules are apply in the correct and ethical manner by the CEO’s and mangers . How to cite The Role of Financial Managerial Accounting Function, Essay examples

Statement of Goal Letter free essay sample

When necessary I shall visit the campus’s Learning Assistance Center to improve my knowledge and skills in the basic academic disciplines. In the future as a seasoned university student, I shall volunteer my time to assist future students. A 4. 0 GPA and prestigious academic honors, such as Dean’s List and/or President’s List, are of interest to me, but I believe pursuing academic excellence shall help these fall right into place. My initial stride toward my professional objective will be to attain a Bachelor’s degree in the science of Nursing. Once successful, I shall press on to put my acquired knowledge and skills into practice as a professional in the science of Nursing. Furthermore, it is my ultimate goal to continue my pursuit in higher education in the science of Pharmacology. I have faith in that the university’s strict academic discipline shall steer me on a narrow path towards academic excellence. We will write a custom essay sample on Statement of Goal Letter or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I am aware that the university has implemented the Satisfactory Academic Progress (SAP) standard and I am well aware of the academic probation I could be subject to if I were to fail to meet this standard. It is this academic discipline that shall make academic excellence a top priority as a student. I am well aware of the high level of discipline in the Nursing program once one has been accepted into such prestigious program. For example, out of 200 or more applicants only 80 are admitted on average to this program. In addition, once one is accepted in the program one must maintain a 2. 5 or above average to remain in the program. No slack is given and shortcomings are dismissed. Experiencing such a vigorous program shall prepare me in becoming a promising candidate that will compete in the healthcare profession. Statement of Goal Letter free essay sample When necessary I shall visit the campuss Learning Assistance Center to improve my knowledge and skills in the basic academic disciplines. In the future as a seasoned university student, I shall volunteer my time to assist future students. A 4. 0 GAP and prestigious academic honors, such as Deans List and/or Presidents List, are of interest to me, but I believe pursuing academic excellence shall help these fall right into place. My initial stride toward my professional objective will be to attain a Bachelors degree in the science of Nursing.Once successful, shall press on o put my acquired knowledge and skills into practice as a professional in the science of Nursing. Furthermore, it is my ultimate goal to continue my pursuit in higher education in the science of Pharmacology. I have faith in that the university strict academic discipline shall steer me on a narrow path towards academic excellence. We will write a custom essay sample on Statement of Goal Letter or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Am aware that the university has implemented the Satisfactory Academic Progress (SAP) standard and am well aware of the academic probation could be subject to if I were to fail to meet this standard. It is this academic discipline that shall aka academic excellence a top priority as a student. I am well aware of the high level of discipline in the Nursing program once one has been accepted into such prestigious program. For example, out of 200 or more applicants only 80 are admitted on average to this program. In addition, once one is accepted in the program one must maintain a 2. 5 or above average to remain in the program. No slack is given and shortcomings are dismissed.

Night and Boy in the Striped Pajamas Comparison free essay sample

Night and Boy in the Striped Pajamas Comparison Night by Elie Wiesel and the movie The Boy in the Striped Pajamas show two extremely interesting perspectives towards the Holocaust. Night was a non-fiction novel written by a Jewish boy who was in an actual concentration camp. The Boy in the Striped Pajamas was a movie based off of a fiction novel written by John Boyne that tells the story of a Nazi soldier’s son named Bruno that befriends a Jewish boy he meets at a nearby concentration camp. Within the two stories, there were differences in perspective, mood, and overall message. Because Elie and Bruno come from very different origins, their perspective in the stories are very different. Being taken out of his home and put through the terrors of a concentration camp, Elie and the other Jews involved saw Nazis as extremely horrid people. The Nazi soldiers were the antagonists in Night. We will write a custom essay sample on Night and Boy in the Striped Pajamas Comparison or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, in The Boy in the Striped Pajamas, Bruno and the rest of his family were Germans, even his father was a Nazi soldier. Bruno and his family throughout most of the story had no idea what the Nazis were doing to the Jews; they saw the Nazis as people helping their country. Not until the end of the movie did the family realize the terrible things the Nazis were doing to the Jews. Movies provide things like mood and tone that words in a book just can’t provide. In Night, Elie attempts to present his voice through his writing. But, when you don’t have the senses of sight and sound, it is difficult to understand the mood the writer is trying to portray. In the Boy in the Striped Pajamas, through the cinematography, music, and tone of the actors’ voices, you can easily distinct what the mood was. I believe that Night and The Boy in the Striped Pajamas each had their own message to share, and their messages had both similarities and differences. Elie Wiesel wrote the book to tell people about the terrifying and horrific events that took place in his life and to try to prevent anything like the Holocaust from happening again. The Boy in the Striped Pajamas showed the importance of friendship and it provided a perspective that many people hadn’t thought about before. Viewers were exposed to what many Germans went through in finding out what happened to the Jews. Night and The Boy in the Striped Pajamas show two extremely interesting perspectives towards the Holocaust when it came to perspective, mood, and final message. Even though they have their differences, they still provided a story that teach people about the tragedy that happened during the Holocaust and humbles those people.

The Gap free essay sample

An analysis of the marketing strategy of clothes retailer, The Gap. The Gap is among the most successful retailers in the North American market, with sales of over $13.8 billion in 2001 and close to 4,500 stores worldwide. This paper provides a historical picture of The Gaps marketing strategy over the years, analyzes the strengths, weaknesses and outcomes of the approach, and describes recommendations for improvement. The Gap has had a number of innovative successful advertising campaigns. The 1988 Individuals of Style image campaign was extremely successful (Sommers, et.al., 1998) in promoting its basic clothing and illustrating how individuals could personalize the merchandise. This campaign featured black-and-white photos in print and outdoor ads. This campaign was replicated in 2001, but did not receive the degree of popularity and media attention that the earlier version received. The 1997 Khakis Swing campaign provided another successful advertising endeavor through television ads that were complemented by print ads in a similar style. We will write a custom essay sample on The Gap or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page According to a USA Today poll (n.d.), approximately one-third of all respondents polled gave the campaign the highest possible rating for likability and effectiveness, ten percentage points higher than the average. The Gap free essay sample The sun barely shines through the dense leaves; the old tree filled up as much space as the apartment buildings allowed. It grew as tall as the buildings and sat leisurely on a raised platform. There was a huge gap between its concrete walled planter and the road. As I sat on my bike I stared at the gap and paused, I thought to myself you can make it. My hands tightly gripped the handle bar; without another thought I raced down the street. Gameboy, a popular gaming device, is the dream of any eight year old Chinese boy. However, I lived with my grandparents, and when it comes to the word â€Å"popular†, grandparents are not the most updated. With a limited allowance to buy snacks, I never had my hands on one of them. Instead, I had my modest collection of airsoft guns, roller blades, and my bike. Rather than sitting insipidly in front of a screen, I spent most of my childhood jumping over gaps with my bike and climbing outside the window of a ten story apartment. We will write a custom essay sample on The Gap or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Yet, no â€Å"gap† was bigger than my move to America. It wasn’t anything but a casual phone call between my mom and me that decided my emigration. My mom lived in Switzerland for as long as I can remember; when she decided to move to America she asked me to go with her. For me it was not a big deal except that I had to learn a new language and make entirely new friends. Though when the plane took off, the irreversible nature of the situation sneaked its way into my mind. Growing up with four different homes, I experienced educational diversity. While my grandmother raised my social awareness, my grandfather showed me the importance of knowledge. However, when it came to my aunt, discipline was the most important. Although I discovered the cuisines of France through hours of television, I was introduced to a dramatically new culture for the first time during my trip to Europe at a young age. Not only was I able to taste the creamy and delicious Swiss Chocolate, but I also witnessed the exquisite Mona Lisa in Louvre. To me, these adventures have never meant anything but excitements and new possibilities, and that is exactly how I looked at America. The communication difficulties in a foreign country was a fair price to pay for the much less amount of homework I had to do in school. Though I had to constantly struggle to understand my favorite cartoons on Cartoon Network I knew soon I’ll be reading books like The Art of War in English. I told myself to always keep an open mind. It didn’t matter that I wasn’t able to pronounce the word zucchini, because I know that I will say it right next time. Nor did I feel embarrassed for asking what a piece of cake meant, because I knew I would not learn otherwise. It never occurred to me that something is impossible; it was only a matter of time. I am no longer afraid of difficulties. I know that the only thing of importance is to keep a positive outlook, and just like the day I jumped the gap with my bike, I will not be intimidated but instead to strive, with patience, for the best.

The Effects of Various Wavelengths on Photosynthetic Rate essays

The Effects of Various Wavelengths on Photosynthetic Rate essays The Effects of Various Wavelengths on Photosynthetic Rate Photosynthesis is the process by which autotrophic organisms convert light energy to chemical energy in the form of glucose [1]. Without this process life on earth would be very different because every organism directly or indirectly depends on photosynthesis. Because plants are at the bottom of the food chain they must create their own energy; this is done through photosynthesis. Various pigments located through out the leaves and stems of plants called chlorophylls absorb wavelengths from sunlight. They absorb all wavelengths of natural light (400-700 nanometers), except those between 525-550 nm which are reflected giving plants their green color [2]. The question of this experiment is how do different wavelengths effect photosynthetic rate? The purpose of this experiment was to decide if blue light (wavelengths of 425-475 nm) or red light (wavelengths of 650-700 nm) would produce an increase in photosynthetic rate when compared to natural/white light (wavelengths of 400-700 nm). The hypothesis stated that the blue light would result in a higher photosynthetic rate than the red light but both would be less than the control which was white light. The rationale for this hypothesis is best depicted by Figure 1, which shows the various types of chlorophylls and the wavelengths that they absorb [3]. It appears that more absorption occurs around blue light than that of red light. Due to classroom restrictions artificial light was used to conduct the experiment. The classroom was necessary because a carbon dioxide sensor and computer were used to calculate photosynthetic rate. This research could be important if the results show outstanding increases in photosynthetic rate. World Hunger is a major concern if a process could be found through which photosynthetic rate is maximized perhaps food production could be ...

The Determinant Power of Education on Economic Development Term Paper

The Determinant Power of Education on Economic Development - Term Paper Example The researcher states that obvious determinants of economic development include, but are not limited, to the following: the overall number of human resources available within a given geographic region, the overall number of raw material or prevalence that might be exhibited within a given geographic space, distance to determine the market, and last but not least the overall education level of the workforce. It has been broadly assumed over the past several decades, without a great deal of analysis, that education levels dramatically impact upon the overall rate and extent to which economic development is able to take place. However, a more thorough analysis of the issue does not necessarily reveal this simplistic interrelationship. Instead, stronger more market-driven determinants have been effectively determined to have a profound impact upon economic development; at least as compared to the overall education level of the human resources that might be available within a state. As a function of this understanding and analysis, the following paper will provide a literature review, methodology, data analysis, references, and appendix that describes the impact and importance of education in terms of economic development. The underlying hope of the author is that such a level of analysis will be beneficial in providing a more determinant of how economic development can effectively be engaged and how stakeholders can seek to promote further levels of economic development within their respective spheres. One of the first pieces of literature that were reviewed in terms of this particular focus has to do with Singh and Hensel’s article entitled â€Å"Impact Of Extension Education On Improving Knowledge Of Sustainable Technical Agricultural Practices†. Within the article, the authors consider the means by which the United States economy has changed as a function of time. Essentially, manufacturing and the production of durable goods within the United Stat es was a staple of economic development; even as compared to service industries or any other sector of the economy.

Engaging children through the use of cartoons and comics Essay

Engaging children through the use of cartoons and comics - Essay Example Youth responses to these articles indicated that their current developmental stage and learning capabilities would only allow learning to be effective if the comic characters used in the classroom were interactive and devoid of complex vocabulary and scenarios. Children in early adolescence are intrinsically motivated, meaning that they are motivated by the positive outcomes associated with a specific activity (Morris & Maisto, 2005). This is why the children responded so effectively to the comic images as it provided not only a learning experience, but fulfilled their need for stimulating images and imaginary role identity. Youths in this stage of development have not yet developed the ability to rationalize abstractly (Huitt & Hummel, 2003), therefore this article case study reinforces that intrinsic, visual motivational elements that create positive sensations are effective in the modern classroom. References: Huitt, W. & Hummel, J. (2003). [internet] Piaget’s theory of cog nitive development [accessed 3.7.2011 from http://www.edpsycinteractive.org/topics/cogsys/piaget.html] Morris, C.G. & Maisto, A.A. (2005). Psychology: An Introduction, 12th ed. Pearson Prentice Hall.

Leadership: A Personal Opinion

Leadership: A Personal Opinion Leadership is everywhere if we see minutely in our society. In my point of view, leadership is about personality and genuineness. It is about winning possession for changing something and improving it than you found it. And when that change functions with responsibility, it gains admiration. Leadership is practised daily in learning institutions, homes and offices. A leader is a person who helps without being asked. I have exposed leadership by helping my brother in his studies or playing with him. Good leadership actions are defined as working with patient within groups, creating roles, replying to feedback in an suitable manner, and discussing with others. During group work, students gain knowledge of personal and social responsibility, feelings of different cultures and personalities, and get an idea of how the character of leadership can influence group efforts. One day I was sitting in my home and thinking about the examples of good leaders, I saw my mom busy in homely activities, I observed her minutely and found her a great leader. I thought that my mom never loses sight of her vision she has for her children-giving a healthy and protected atmosphere where her children can nurture and prosper. Moms can be found busy in diverse household responsibilities, searching down craft supplies for a plan their children only memorized today was required tomorrow, and at the same time as examining this adjacent to managing the demands of structuring their professional life. And yet, in spite of all these different demands for their attention, moms do not forget about their vision. Similarly, in the world of business, there are numerous demands made for the consideration of leaders. Like our mothers have exposed us, however, this shouldn’t take our concentration away from what’s significant or required for the business to expand and flourish. A good leader always shows patience in the making for the desired conclusion. There’s one thing which we all identify about our mothers is that they can show a lot of tolerance with good reason. Upbringing of a child is barely a textbook affair the same as there’s always somewhat unpredicted that will come down and damage the best-laid plans. Occasionally this is a consequence of a child not performing what they’re told; sometimes it can be a child getting sick on the day you have a tight schedule at work. Whatsoever the case, mothers have learned to tackle with these kind of situations as they know that their hard work will recompense in the long run. Similarly the businesses repeatedly concentrating on making and gathering periodical forecasts, it’s effortless to demonstrate less patience or interest in hard work that require more long-term philosophy and management. However, as mothers represent so well through their activities, the best stuffs do come to those who are patient. A good leader motivates their team to be self-reliant. Mothers are also very expert in motivating their children to turn out to be more self-reliant as they grow up. One require to observe at of how mothers work from looking after of their children’s laundry to asking them to tidying their rooms to be pleased about the willingness mothers have to see their children grip the responsibilities they used to do for their kids as they grown-up from small children into young adults. Motherliness is not something one imagines about as being a valuable role to increase some insights into how to guide others agreed that the relation between a mother and her child is totally dissimilar from that among an employer and their employees. And yet, if we seem at this from the standpoint of the life course we find out as children from our moms, we can observe some useful things that can assist us better value of how to move towards the role of leadership in our organizations. Emotional Intelligence is such an important aspect. In our case Emotional Intelligence comes and play a role in our professional life. Where a team leader in a specific project or organization is expected of being productive no matter what he might face difficulties leading his team to success. I think this perception is significant because it describes one of the principal human interactions we experience in our daily life. Regardless of whom you are or what you do, sometime you will have to cooperate with people surrounding you. People have to request for help, work as a team, and guide other people. These responsibilities cant be done without having a knowledge of human emotions. I have to deal with this conception on a daily basis when I interrelate with friends, family, and colleagues. I believe the best way for me to communicate to this concept is contrasting how I connected to people when I was in basic school to today. When I was a kid I found it very tough to talk with older people because I didn’t know how to deal with them. But at present I can talk to anyone I want to and find out what tone I need to have to get their value. Moral Intelligence is such an important aspect to enhancing business/organization performance and leadership success which should be considered from a leader point of view as a critical aspect. At first Emotional intelligence, then Moral Intelligence we studied. According to Lennick and Kiel, both management consultants, define moral intelligence as the ability to differentiate right from wrong as defined by universal principles†. My friend told me about his boss, he said his boss wants to create a gullible workplace; he can get better moral intelligence by mentoring workforce to track his example of human principles. He tells workers to stop making justifications for ignoring deadlines, coming not on time or other activities influencing badly the workplace. He asks that worker should take care of each other with kindness and admiration. He reminds workers that everybody commit mistakes and to be broad-minded of each others deficiency. Flourishing teamwork is made on a basis of trust. Each associate of the team must set up trust; grow trust through his performance and verbal skill, and work to keep it. Each associate also wants to be able to belief his team members to create a promise to the team and its objectives, work expertly with those aims in mind, and talk constantly about any issues that influence the team. A combined and gullible team atmosphere permits team members to share private information and build up a stronger bond with their team members. My football team relied on the teamwork. As we play a match against another team, that opponent team made a goal. Adam started blaming and Cole blamed Adam and as a result we lost the match. We decided to play a match against this team after one month and I explained to both the players that if they cooperate with each other we will be able to win the game. They understood what I said and when the match was played they worked together and made us victorious. In my point of view, ethics has to play a main role in the personality of a leader. One of the arguments to show that situational leadership is not manipulating is to agree to the main goal of the organization. I think a professional team member should understand that being led is not being manipulated as long as it serve the company to be more successful. In other words, If we are in an organization, a professional should not think at any time that he is being manipulated and to measure that is to know how relative is it to the mission statement and vision statement of that organization, a team member has to look at the big picture and not take anything personal, here I have to mention the need of last week subject which was Emotional Intelligence and how it will help to differentiate between the situational leadership vs Manipulation. Consistent to leading to achieve the best and potential plans for the organization. The true example of situational leadership is surgeons in an oper ation theatre. Situational leadership is exercised by surgeons in the operation theatres particularly during dealing with emergency cases and crucial operations. A doctor leading the other doctors in an operation theatre is a specialist in surgeries, but when an urgent situation calls or during the operation problems arise, a surgeon has to make decision instantaneously according to the patients state. The best thing in a situational leader is his skill to bend according to the situation what is happening. In the recent time people started to realize Bullying in the Workplace has been happening for years and years. Anti-Bullying associations existed in the United States as early as the 1990’s which shows us as researchers that there are many workers has been bullied for a long time. According toConstance Dierickx, Ph.D, Workplace bullying is defined as the repeated unethical and unfavorable treatment of one person by another in the workplace. This includes behavior designed to belittle others via humiliation, sarcasm, and rudeness, overworking an employee, threats, and violence. Who is in a leadership position supposed to know and be able to differentiate between bullying, harassment and assault? Harassment and Assault are recognized and resulted from several fairly serious incidents. In many workplaces worker get bullied; in long term jobs, by managers, co-workers or subordinates or even by a client where a good leader should stand on for their workers and not grant the right f or the customer to disrespect the workers. As the research goes, we find even in short term jobs such as the performing arts or construction, where the supervisor has complete power over workers, in both long and short terms jobs workers have been found guilty of either bullying, harassment, discrimination, or assault. We can all agree that it exists in our lives before getting to the workplace, in fact in all starts when we were young and best to remember and prove it, let’s remember our high-schools where we either have been bullying or have been bullied, I actually have been bulled in secondary school and I got a punch in the face and lost a teeth, what was funny is that I still know that person’s friend where he told my friends he is embarrassed to see me after these years, but I am still happy as long as he felt bad and did not keep being argent to admit he was wrong. One of the main reasons that make a person to bully others is to cover their on weak side, in other words a bully would think being mean, disrespectful, or even discriminate with no morals nor mercy would in the workplace or e ven outside. Moreover; a leader should also realize that another important incentive for a worker to bully others is to avoid accepting responsibility for their behaviour andconsequences. Supremacy alters people. We all know the leaders who have come to consider their personal promotion departments. We have observed that leaders were always like that, deep down, or whether triumph has ruined them. Then, we may think why few persons emerge to be corrupted by authority and others remained fine , or what the corrupted women are doing whereas their male corresponding are investigative the staff, concreting their driveways on the firm’s credit card, or handing over profitable work agreements to their acquaintances. According to Professor Serena Chen and her colleagues.people who commence as selfless will carrying on to be so when they attain power, while self-centred people will persistent to be uncooperative and selfish when gained power, Successful people grasp others to a superior criterion. They are more probable to deceive and were less broad-minded to others violating the same rules. According to an Economist article about the work of Joris Lammers at Tilburg University, in the Netherlands, and Adam Galinsky at Northwestern University, in Illinois.According to Dr Jamie Ward, reader in psychology at the University of Sussex. They shatter rules and regulations not only because they can get away with it, but also because they believe at some instinctive level that they are free to get what they desire. This intellect of power is vital to understand why people behave badly in high office, It is greatly easier to mount over people and not taking care of their needs if you can’t recognize with them. At times subordinates can be somewhat responsible for their leaders’ bad conduct, said by Leadership consultant from The Leadership Circle Asia Pacific, Rebekah O’Rourke, and frequently people relinquish their own responsibilities to a higher person, expecting them to have all the replies. Furthermore she said, a few people turn out to be very inactive. The â€Å"subordinates† need to discover ways to provide their leader advice about how they are undertaking. This is, in spirit, supervision . The leader of a company – also needs to begin coaching. They also need to separate their feelings about the leader’s personality from the role. The leader may be a nice person, but if they are behaving inappropriately, someone needs to tell them. In a nut shell, I would like to say for any form or size of industry, successful leadership gives many settlements and will help the organisation to attain success and steadiness. In the deficiency of effective leadership, firms often rise gradually and may misplace their  track and competitiveness. Good quality business leadership can assist a team stay determined during a time of emergency, repeating the team members of their successes and give confidence to them to set short term, attainable goals. A broad and attractive relationship between a leader and their employees shows that they are appreciated as an essential part of the company, creating a feeling of ownership among teammates and beginning a closer position between individual and team objectives. Support of people to explicitly add and talk about new ideas in an optimistic environment, make utilization of their different experience and facts to develop a business. The promise and passion of a business leader forms the general purposes of the company and gives motivation and enthusiasm for people to do at a high level. A planned approach is able to make a plan of action that will most efficiently gather the organisational objectives. A comprehensive planning procedure also gives the chances for people to recognize, add to, appreciate and attain well defined goals. Setting a clear vision and talk to employees efficiently gives workers with an understanding of the organisational trend and permits them to noticeably appreciate their duties and responsibilities. Effective leadership is a vital obligation so as to attain organisational objectives. To do this, leaders should be able to grant inspiration, inspiration and clear route to their team. Leadership growth is very important because organizations hire the character of their leaders. Leadership tuition and expansion can take advantage of output, shape an optimistic culture and promote synchronization. To attain this, key people must direct individuals and teams using a suitable leadership style.